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Black ice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Black ice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Black ice (disambiguation). Black ice on a road. Black ice, sometimes called "glare ice"[1] or "clear ice", refers to a thin coating of glazed ice on a surface. While not truly black, it is virtually transparent, allowing black asphalt/macadam roadways to be seen through it, hence the term "black ice". The typically low levels of noticeable ice pellets, snow, or sleet surrounding black ice means that areas of the ice are often practically invisible to drivers and thereby do not serve as a good indicator that they should reduce their speeds. Similar thin invisible layers of ice that form along ships can cause them to become unbalanced. In the mountains, black ice is referred to as verglas and is a great hazard for climbers. Contents 1 On roads and pavements 2 Bridges 3 Maritime black ice 4 Mountains 5 See also 6 References 7 External links [edit] On roads and pavements Because it represents only a thin accumulation, black ice is highly transparent and thus difficult to see (as compared to snow, frozen slush) or thicker ice layers. In addition, it often is interleaved with wet road, which is nearly identical in appearance. For this reason it is especially hazardous when driving or walking on affected surfaces. Deicing with salt (sodium chloride) is effective down to temperatures of about -18°C. Other compounds such as magnesium chloride or calcium chloride have been used for very cold temperatures since the freezing-point depression of their solutions is lower. [edit] Bridges Warning sign for ice on bridge Bridges and overpasses can be especially dangerous. Black ice forms first on bridges and overpasses because air can circulate both above and below the surface of the elevated roadway, causing the bridge pavement temperature to drop more rapidly. Road warning signs with the advisory "Bridge May Be Icy" indicate potentially dangerous roadways above bridge structures. The I-35W Mississippi River bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was well known for its black ice before it collapsed in 2007 into the Mississippi river. It had caused several pileups during its 40 year life. On December 19, 1985, the temperature reached -30°F (-34°C). Cars crossing the bridge experienced black ice and there was a massive pile up on the bridge on the northbound side. In February and in December 1996, the bridge was identified as the single most treacherous cold-weather spot in the Twin Cities freeway system, because of the almost frictionless thin layer of black ice that regularly formed when temperatures dropped below freezing. The bridge's proximity to Saint Anthony Falls contributed significantly to the icing problem and the site was noted for frequent spinouts and collisions. It was the only bridge in the United States Interstate system that had its own plumbed saline solution system to address the perpetual icing difficulties. Related corrosion has been cited as a contributing factor to the bridge's catastrophic collapse. The I-35W Mississippi River bridge seen from below in 2006 At low temperatures (below 0°F/-18°C), black ice can form on roadways when the moisture from automobile exhaust condenses on the road surface.[2] Such conditions caused multiple accidents in Minnesota when the temperatures dipped below 0°F for a prolonged period of time in mid-December 2008.[3] Salt's ineffectiveness at melting ice at these temperatures compounds the problem.[4] Black ice may form even when the ambient temperature is several degrees above the freezing point of water 0°C (32°F) if the air warms suddenly after a prolonged cold spell that leaves the surface of the roadway well below the freezing point temperature. The term black ice is sometimes used to describe any type of ice that forms on roadways, even when standing water on roads turns to ice as the temperature falls below freezing. However, this use of the term black ice is not included in the American Meteorological Society Glossary of Meteorology.[5] [edit] Maritime black ice Black ice is a danger for cold-weather fishing trawlers. As ice forms on its superstructure, a boat can become top heavy, and in rough weather this extra, unbalanced weight may cause it to capsize. Thick layers of black ice can form rapidly on boats where they encounter a combination of air temperatures cold enough to freeze seawater and rough seas that splash seawater over the entire boat. The ice may be very difficult to remove even when seen, and is especially hazardous in the North Atlantic. [edit] Mountains Black ice on rocks in the mountains is known as verglas, and is a great hazard for climbers and scramblers. Cold weather is common at high altitudes, and black ice quickly forms on rock surfaces. Loss of traction is as sudden and unexpected as on a pavement or road, but can be fatal if the rock is in an exposed position with a drop below. The ice-axe and crampons are of little use in such circumstances, a belay rope being the only protection which can prevent a fall. [edit] See also Black ice on a river in the Netherlands Congelation ice Clear ice Freezing-point depression Glaze ice I-35W Mississippi River bridge Jumble ice Road traffic accident Sodium chloride Sand Verglas [edit] References ^ "Glare Ice a Wintry Road Hazard" ^ "Is there really such a thing as black ice?". http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2016/is-there-really-such-a-thing-as-black-ice. Retrieved 2008-12-22.  ^ "Black ice causes treacherous driving conditions in metro". KARE 11 TV. http://m.kare11.com/news.jsp?key=96528&rc=lo. Retrieved 2008-12-22.  ^ Ice Melters ^ AMS Glossary [edit] External links Look up black ice in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Is there really such a thing as black ice?, from the Straight Dope staff Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_ice" Categories: Snow or ice weather phenomena | Water ice | Precipitation | Weather hazards | Accidents involving fog Personal tools Log in / create account Namespaces Article Discussion Variants Views Read Edit View history Actions Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Cite this page Print/export Create a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version Languages Български Česky Dansk Deutsch Esperanto Français Italiano Latviešu Lietuvių Nederlands ‪Norsk (nynorsk)‬ Polski Русский Саха тыла Slovenščina Српски / Srpski Suomi Svenska Українська اردو This page was last modified on 15 December 2010 at 21:21. 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Black Ice Site map Collars Leashes Command Training Equipment Walking Harness Harnesses Weight Pull Harness Puppy Harness Carting and Drafting Measuring for a Harness Wenaha Dog Packs Dog Jackets Dog Booties Skijoring Equipment Dog Care Ganglines More Ganglines Mountain Scooters Carts and Wagons Sleds More Sleds Springers Sled Hardware Sled Parts Snowhooks Sledbags Cable Picket Lines Videos and DVDs Calendar Christmas Cards Note Cards Limited Edition Print Black Ice Poster Bumper Stickers Musher Wear Sweatshirts and T-Shirts Black Ice Trading Post More Black Ice Trading Post Baking Soda Igloo Team Sign Ornaments Stamps Bookshelf - Getting Started Bookshelf - Training Bookshelf - For Your Pleasure Bookshelf - Dogsledding Bookshelf - Racing Bookshelf - Sue Henry Mysteries Bookshelf - Adventure Bookshelf - For Children Bookshelf - More Books for Children Bookshelf - Shackleton Gift Certificates Black Ice Ordering Instructions Black Ice Order Form Download Order Form Welcome to the web page for Black Ice Kennel and Dog Sledding Equipment. Please take a moment to read our message. We hope you find what you are looking for in our extensive line of dogsledding products. If you don't however, please don't hesitate to give us a call at (320) 485-4825 or contact us by e-mail at shilon@tds.net. Black Ice does not support on-line ordering. When you are ready to order, please call Shilon at (320) 485-4825. David, Shilon, and Cianna Bedford Be sure to look for our new icon "Glacier." He indicates products we want to draw to your attention. Interested in knowing more about David and Shilon? Then be sure to read about them at Meet David and Shilon Bedford. This fact sheet about the Bedords first appeared on the web page of the Minnesota Malamute Club. Many people have expressed interest in learning more about David and Shilon, so David and Shilon agreed to have the information made available on the Black Ice web page. 2010-2011 Black Ice Catalog Contact Black Ice with our new contact form Web page created and maintained by Linda Dowdy Copyright © 2010-2011 Linda Dowdy, last revision 101125

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